DO U HATE SOMEONE???

DO U HATE SOMEONE???

A Nice story with a good moral. Please go through.

A kindergarten teacher decided to let her class play a game.

The teacher told each child in the class to bring along a plastic bag containing a few potatoes.

Each potato will be given a name of a person that the child hates.

So the number of potatoes that a child will put in his/her plastic bag will depend on the number of people he/she hates.

So when the day came, each child brought some potatoes with the name of the people he/she hated. Some had 2 potatoes; some 3 while some up to 5 potatoes. The teacher then told the children to carry with them the potatoes in the plastic bag wherever they go (even to the toilet) for 1 week.

Days after days passed by, and the children started to complain due to the unpleasant smell let out by the rotten potatoes. Besides, those having 5 potatoes also had to carry heavier bags. After 1 week, the children were relieved because the game had finally ended...
The teacher asked: "How did you feel while carrying the potatoes with you for 1 week?". The children let out their frustrations and started complaining of the trouble that they had to go through having to carry the heavy and smelly potatoes wherever they go.

Then the teacher told them the hidden meaning behind the game. The teacher said: "This is exactly the situation when you carry your hatred for somebody inside your heart. The stench of hatred will contaminate your heart and you will carry it with you wherever you go. If you cannot tolerate the smell of rotten potatoes for just 1 week, can you imagine what is it like to have the stench of hatred in your heart for your lifetime???"

Moral of the story:
Throw away any hatred for anyone from your heart so that you will not carry sins for a lifetime.
Forgiving others is the best attitude to take!

Love Everyone & Be Loved- 

Collected By G!R!'S..

Each Day Is A Gift

Each Day Is A Gift

The 92-year-old, petite, well-poised and proud lady, who is fully dressed each morning by eight o’clock, with her hair fashionably coifed and makeup perfectly applied, even though she is legally blind, moved to a nursing home today. Her husband of 70 years recently passed away, making the move necessary.


After many hours of waiting patiently in the lobby of the nursing home, she smiled sweetly when told her room was ready. As she maneuvered her walker to the elevator, I provided a visual description of her tiny room, including the eyelet sheets that had been hung on her window. “I love it,” she stated with the enthusiasm of an eight-year-old having just been presented with a new puppy.


“Mrs. Jones, you haven’t seen the room …. just wait.”


“That doesn’t have anything to do with it,” she replied. “Happiness is something you decide on ahead of time. Whether I like my room or not doesn’t depend on how the furniture is arranged, it’s how I arrange my mind. I already decided to love it. It’s a decision I make every morning when I wake up. I have a choice; I can spend the day in bed recounting the difficulty I have with the parts of my body that no longer work, or get out of bed and be thankful for the ones that do. Each day is a gift, and as long as my eyes open I’ll focus on the new day and all the happy memories I’ve stored away, just for this time in my life.”


She went on to explain, “Old age is like a bank account, you withdraw from what you’ve put in. So, my advice to you would be to deposit a lot of happiness in the bank account of memories Thank you for your part in filling my Memory bank. I am still depositing.”


And with a smile, she said: “Remember the five simple rules to be happy:

1. Free your heart from hatred.
2. Free your mind from worries.
3. Live simply.
4. Give more.
5. Expect less.”

Never loose an opportunity!!!

Never loose an opportunity..!!

A Young man wished to marry the Farmer's Beautiful Daughter.

He went to the Farmer to ask his permission.

The Farmer looked him over and said, "Son, Go stand out in that field.
I'm going to release three bulls, one at a time. If you can catch the tail of any one of the three bulls, you can marry my daughter."

The young man stood in the pasture awaiting the first bull. The barn door opened and out ran the biggest, meanest-looking bull he had ever seen.

He decided that one of the next bulls had to be a better choice than this one, so he ran over to the side and let t he bull pass through the pasture out the back gate.

The barn door opened again. Unbelievable. He had never seen anything so big and fierce in his life.

It stood pawing the ground, grunting, slinging slobber as it eyed him.
Whatever the next bull was like, it had to be a better choice than this one. He ran to the fence and let the bull pass through the pasture, out the back gate.

The door opened a third time. a smile came a cross his face. This was the Weakest, scrawniest little bull he had ever seen. This one was his bull. As the bull came
running by, he positioned himself just right and jumped at just the exact moment.

He Grabbed...

But The Bull Had No Tail!

Moral Of the story:
-------------------------- ------
Life Is Full Of Opportunities.
Some Will Be Easy To Take Advantage Of,
Some Will Be Difficult.
But Once We Let Them Pass (Often In Hopes Of Something Better),
Those Opportunities May Never Again Be Available.
So Always Grab The First Opportunity

Collected by G!R!'S..

SELF CONFIDENCE

SELF CONFIDENCE

The business executive was deep in debt and could see no way out.

Creditors were closing in on him. Suppliers were demanding payment. He sat on the park bench, head in hands, wondering if anything could save his company from bankruptcy.

Suddenly an old man appeared before him. "I can see that something is troubling you," he said.

After listening to the executive's woes, the old man said, "I believe I can help you."

He asked the man his name, wrote out a check, and pushed it into his hand saying, "Take this money. Meet me here exactly one year from today,
and you can pay me back at that time."

Then he turned and disappeared as quickly as he had come.
The business executive saw in his hand a check for $500,000, signed by John D. Rockefeller, then one of the richest men in the world!

"I can erase my money worries in an instant!" he realized. But instead, the executive decided to put the uncashed check in his safe. Just knowing it was there might give him the strength to work out a way to save his business, he thought.

With renewed optimism, he negotiated better deals and extended terms of payment. He closed several big sales. Within a few months, he was out of debt and making money once again.

Exactly one year later, he returned to the park with the uncashed check.
At the agreed-upon time, the old man appeared. But just as the executive was about to hand back the check and share his success story, a nurse came running up and grabbed the old man.
"I'm so glad I caught him!" she cried. "I hope he hasn't been bothering you. He's always escaping from the rest home and telling people he's John D. Rockefeller."

And she led the old man away by the arm.

The astonished executive just stood there, stunned. All year long he'd been wheeling and dealing, buying and selling, c onvinced he had half a million dollars behind him.

Suddenly, he realized that it wasn't the money, real or imagined, that had turned his life around. It was his newfound self-confidence that gave him the power to achieve anything he went after.

Collected by G!R!'S..

HEALTH BENEFITS OF RICE



Health benefits of rice include providing fast and instant energy, good bowel movement, stabilizing blood sugar levels and providing essential source of vitamin B1 to human body. Other benefits include skin care, resistance to high blood pressure, dysentery and heart diseases. Rice is the staple food in most of the countries and it is an important cereal crop that feeds more than half of the world’s population.

*Great Energy Source: As rice is rich in carbohydrates, it acts as fuel for the body and aids in normal functioning of the brain.

Cholesterol Free: Eating rice is extremely beneficial for health, just for the fact that it does not contain harmful fats, cholesterol or sodium. It forms an integral part of balanced diet.

Rich in Vitamins: Rice is an excellent source of vitamins and minerals like niacin,vitamin D, calcium, fibre, iron, thiamine and riboflavin.

Resistant Starch: Rice abounds in resistant starch, which reaches the bowel in undigested form. It aids the growth of useful bacteria for normal bowel movements.

High Blood Pressure: As rice is low in sodium, it is considered best food for those suffering from high blood pressure and hypertension.

Cancer Prevention: Whole grain rice like brown rice is rich in insoluble fibre that can possibly protect against many types of cancers. Many scientists believe that such insoluble fibres are vital for protecting the body against cancerous cells.

Dysentery: The husk part of rice is considered as an effective medicine to treat dysentery. A three month old rice plant’s husks is said to contain diuretic properties. Chinese people believe that rice considerably increases appetite, cures stomach ailments and indigestion problems.

Skin Care: Medical experts say that powdered rice can be applied to cure some forms of skin ailments. In Indian subcontinent, rice water is duly prescribed by ayurvedic practitioners as an effective ointment to cool off inflamed skin surfaces.

Alzheimer’s Disease: Brown rice is said to contain high levels of neurotransmitter nutrients that can prevent Alzheimer’s disease to a considerable extent.

Heart Disease: Rice bran oil is said to have antioxidant properties that promotes cardiovascular strength by reducing cholesterol levels in the body.

SHARE IF YOU CARE..

Be Deaf to Negativity…!

Inspirational Story :  Be Deaf to Negativity…!

Once upon a time there was a bunch of tiny frogs…. who arranged a running competition. The goal was to reach the top of a very high tower. A big crowd had gathered around the tower to see the race and cheer on the contestants…. The race began…. Honestly: No one in crowd really believed that the tiny frogs would reach the top of the tower. You heard statements such as:


“Oh, WAY too difficult!!”

“They will NEVER make it to the top.”

or:

“Not a chance that they will succeed. The tower is too high!”

The tiny frogs began collapsing. One by one…. Except for those, who in a fresh tempo, were climbing higher and higher…. The crowd continued to yell,”It is too difficult!!! No one will make it!” More tiny frogs got tired and gave up…. But ONE continued higher and higher and higher…. This one wouldn’t give up! At the end everyone else had given up climbing the tower. Except for the one tiny frog who, after a big effort, was the only one who reached the top! THEN all of the other tiny frogs naturally wanted to know how this one frog managed to do it?

A contestant asked the tiny frog how he had found the strength to succeed and reach the goal? It turned out…. That the winner was DEAF!!!! The wisdom of this story is:Never listen to other people’s tendencies to be negative or pessimistic…. because they take your most wonderful dreams and wishes away from you — the ones you have in your heart! Always think of the power words have. Because everything you hear and read will affect your actions! Therefore:ALWAYS be…. POSITIVE!

And above all:Be DEAF when people tell YOU that you cannot fulfill your dreams! Always think:God and I can do this!

Share It with your dear ones :)

Heart Touching Quotes

♥Heart Touching Quotes♥



People are just about as happy as they make up their minds to be -Abraham Lincoln

Everyone has problems, some are just better at hiding them -Unknown

If we did all the things that we are capable of doing, we would literally astound ourselves -Thomas Edison

Life is 10% what happens to us and 90% how we react to it- Dennis P. Kimbro

Sometimes your joy is the source of your smile, but sometimes your smile can be the source of your joy -Thich Nhat Hahn

Life is not lost by dying; life is lost minute by minute, day by dragging day, in all the thousand small uncaring ways -Stephen Vincent Benét

Only by going too far can one possibly find out how far one can go -Jon dyer

People only see what they are prepared to see -Ralph Waldo Emerson

Don't be afraid to fail because only through failure do you learn to succeed -Unknown

It's true that we don't know what we've got until we lose it, but it's also true that we don't know what we've been missing until it arrives.

Learn from the mistakes of others. You can't live long enough to make them all yourself -Unknown

The tongue weighs practically nothing, But so few people can hold it.

It takes only a minute to get a crush on someone, an hour to like someone, and a day to love someone- but it takes a lifetime to forget someone.

Always put yourself in the other's shoes. If you feel that it hurts you, it probably hurts the person too.

The happiest of people don't necessarily have the best of everything they just make the most of everything that comes along their way.

Many people will walk in and out or your life, But only true friends will leave footprints in your heart

To handle yourself, use your head, To handle others, use your heart.

He who loses money, loses much; He who loses a friend, loses more; He who loses faith, loses all.

If someone betrays you once, it's his fault. If he betrays you twice, it's your fault.

God Gives every bird it's food, But he does not throw it into it's nest.

Human Brain Analysis

♥Human Brain Analysis♥

Man vs. Woman

                        
1. MULTI-TASKING

    Womens brains designed to concentrate multiple task at a time. Women can Watch a TV and Talk over phone and cook. Mens brains designed to concentrate only one work at a time. Men can not watch TV and talk over the phone at the same time. they stop the TV while Talking. They can either watch TV or talk over the phone or cook.

2. LANGUAGE
     
     Women can easily learn many languages. But can not find solutions to problems. Men can not easily learn languages, they can easily solve problems. That's why in average a 3 years old girl has three times higher vocabulary than a 3 yeard old boy.

3. ANALYTICAL SKILLS
 
       Mens brains has a lot of space for handling the analytical process. They can analyze and find the solution for a process and design a map of a building easily. But If a complex map is viewed by women, they can not understand it. Women can not understand the details of a map easily, For them it is just a dump of lines on a paper.

4. CAR DRIVING.
 
       While driving a car, mans analytical spaces are used in his brain. He can drive a car fastly. If he sees an object at long distance, immediately his brain classifies the object (bus or van or car) direction and speed of the object and he drives accordingly. Where woman take a long time to recognize the object direction/ speed. Mans single process mind stops the audio in the car (if any), then concentrates only on driving.

5. LYING
 
       When men lie to women face to face, they get caught easily. Womans super natural brain observes facial expression 70%, body language 20% and words coming from the mouth 10%. Mens brain does not have this. Women easily lie to men face to face. So guys, do not lie face to face.

6. PROBLEMS SOLVING

       If a man have a lot of problems, his brain clearly classifies the problems and puts them in individual rooms in the brain and then finds the solution one by one. You can see many guys looking at the sky for a long time. If a woman has a lot of problems, her brain can not classify the problems. she wants some one to hear that. After telling everything to a person she goes happily to bed. She does not worry about the problems being solved or not.

7. WHAT THEY WANT

      Men want status, success, solutions, big process, etc... But Women want relationship, friends, family, etc...

8. UNHAPPINESS
 
       If women are unhappy with their relations, they can not concentrate on their work. If men are unhappy with their work, they can not concentrate on the relations.

9. SPEECH
 
      Women use indirect language in speech. But Men use direct language.

10. HANDLING EMOTION
 
       Women talk a lot without thinking. Men act a lot without thinking

YOU ARE UNIQUE!!

YOU ARE UNIQUE!










Think what a remarkable, unduplicatable, and miraculous thing it is to be you! Of all the people who have come and gone on the earth, since the beginning of time, not ONE of them is like YOU!

No one who has ever lived or is to come has had your combination of abilities, talents, appearance, friends, acquaintances, burdens, sorrows and opportunities.

N o one’s hair grows exactly the way yours does. No one’s finger prints are like yours. No one has the same combination of secret inside jokes and family expressions that you know.

The few people who laugh at all the same things you do, don’t sneeze the way you do. No one prays about exactly the same concerns as you do. No one is loved by the same combination of people that love you – NO ONE!

No one before, no one to come. YOU ARE ABSOLUTELY UNIQUE!

Enjoy that uniqueness. You do not have to pretend in order to seem more like someone else. You weren’t meant to be like someone else. You do not have to lie to conceal the parts of you that are not like what you see in anyone else.

You were meant to be different. Nowhere ever in all of history will the same things be going on in anyone’s mind, soul and spirit as are going on in yours right now.

If you did not exist, there would be a hole in creation, a gap in history, something missing from the plan for humankind.

Treasure your uniqueness. It is a gift given only to you. Enjoy it and share it!

No one can reach out to others in the same way that you can. No one can speak your words. No one can convey your meanings. No one can comfort with your kind of comfort. No one can bring your kind of understanding to another person.

No one can be cheerful and lighthearted and joyous in your way. No one can smile your smile. No one else can bring the whole unique impact of you to another human being.

Share your uniqueness. Let it be free to flow out among your family and friends and people you meet in the rush and clutter of living wherever you are. That gift of yourself was given you to enjoy and share. Give yourself away!

See it! Receive it! Let it tickle you! Let it inform you and nudge you and inspire you! YOU ARE UNIQUE!

WIPRO – BASED ONLINE ASSESSMENT with Solutions..

WIPRO – BASED ONLINE ASSESSMENT (1)

No.Of Questions : 55                                                                       Max.time: 60 min

(1)  How many litres of a 12 litre mixture containing milk and water in the ratio of 2:3 should be replaced with pure milk so that the resultant mixture contains milk and water in equal proportion?

       (1) 4 litres             (2) 2 litres             (3) 1 litre              (4) 1.5 litres

(2)  Two merchants A and B each sell, each an article for Rs.1000. If merchant A computes his profit on cost price, while merchant B computes his profit on selling price, they end up making profits of 25% each. By how much is the profit made by merchant B greater than that of merchant A?

       (1) Rs.66.67           (2) Rs.50               (3) Rs.125            (4) Rs.200

(3)  A boat takes 90 minutes less to travel 36 miles downstream than to travel the same distance upstream. If the speed of the boat in still water is 10 kmph, then  the speed of the stream is:

       (1) 2 kmph             (2) 3 kmph           (3) 4 kmph           (4) none of these

(4)  The radii of two cylinders are in the ratio 2:3 and their heights are in the ratio 5:3. What is the ratio of their volumes?

       (1) 10:9                (2) 7:6                  (3) 27:20              (4) 20:27

(5)  A bag contains 4 white and 6 black balls.  Two balls are drawn at random.  What is the probability of drawing one white ball and one black ball?

       (1) 7/19              (2)         8/15       (3)      6/17      (4)    4/13 

(6)  The length of a rectangle is twice its breadth. If its length is decreased by 5cm and breadth is increased by 5cm, the area of rectangle is increased by 75cm². Find the length of the rectangle?

       (1) 20 cm              (2) 30 cm                 (3) 40 cm             (4) 50 cm

(7)  A farmer has two rectangular fields. The larger field has twice the length and 4 times the width of the smaller field. If the smaller field has area K, then find by how much the area of the larger field is greater than the area of the smaller field?

       (1) 2K                   (2) 6K                   (3) 7K                  (4) 8K         

(8)  At 10 a.m. taps A, B and C are turned on. A can fill the tub in 5 hrs, B can fill it in 10 hrs and C can empty it in 7 1/2hrs. At what time, will the tank be filled if all the taps work together?

       (1) 4 a.m.             (2) 6 a.m.             (3) 4 p.m.             (4) 6 p.m.

(9)  A non-stop bus to Amritsar overtakes an auto rickshaw that is also moving towards Amritsar at 10 a.m. The bus reaches Amritsar at 12.30 p.m. and starts its journey back after 1 hour. On the way back, it meets the auto rickshaw at 2 p.m. At what time will the auto rickshaw reach Amritsar?

       (1) 2.30 p.m.         (2) 3 p.m.             (3) 3.15 p.m.        (4) 3.30 p.m.

(10) If the radius of the base of a right circular cylinder is reduced by 50%, what is the ratio of the volume of the reduced cylinder to that of the original if the length remains the same?

       (1) 4:1                 (2) 2:1                  (3) 1:4                  (4) 1:2

(11) A river 2 metres deep and 45 metres wide is flowing at the rate of 3km/hr, then the amount of water that runs into the sea per minute is:

       (1) 4,500m³           (2) 27,000m³         (3) 35,000m³         (4) 2,700m³

(12) A question paper has two parts – Part A and Part B. Part A contains 5 questions and Part B has 4. Each question in part A has an alternative. A student has to attempt at least one question from each part. Find the number of ways in which the student can attempt the question paper?

       (1) 3,360               (2) 1,258               (3) 3,850              (4) 3,630

(13) There are two rectangular fields of same area. The length of the first rectangular field is (x)% less than the length of the second field and the breadth of the first field is (5x)% greater than the breadth of the second field. What is the value of x?

       (1) 15                  (2) 25                   (3) 50                   (4) 80

(14) There are six faces to a cube. A person fixed one cube on each of the faces. The dimensions of all the cubes are same. What is the ratio of the total surface area of the newly formed solid to the area of a single cube?

       (1) 7: 1                 (2) 6: 1                 (3) 5: 1                (4) 41: 9

(15) A three digit number which, on being subtracted from another three digit number consisting of the same digits in reverse order gives 594. The minimum possible sum of all the three digits of this number is:

       (1) 8                                                (2) 12                           (3) 6                      (4) can’t be determined

(16) The speed of a car during the second hour of its journey is thrice that in the first hour. Also its third hour’s speed is the average speed of the first two hours. Had the car travelled at the second hour’s speed during all the first three hours, then it would have travelled 150 km more. Find the percentage reduction in time in the second case for the first three hours?

       (1) 33 1/3%                                        (2) 40%                  (3) 25%    (4) 50%

(17) A boat takes 5 hours more while going back upstream than downstream. If the distance between the two places is 24 km and the speed of boat in still water is 5.5 kmph, what must be the speed of the boat in still water so that it can row downstream 24 km in 4 hours?

       (1) 1.5 kmph          (2) 3.5 kmph         (3) 4.5 kmph         (4) 3 kmph

(18) The length of the longest pole that can be placed on the floor of a room is 12 m and the length of the longest pole that can be placed in the room is 15 m, then find the height of the room?

       (1) 3 m                 (2) 6 m                 (3) 9 m                (4) none of these

(19) A rectangular water reservoir is 15 m*12 m at the base. Water flows into it through a pipe whose cross section is 5 cm*3 cm at the rate of 16 m per second. Find the height to which the water will rise in the reservoir in 25 minutes?

       (1) 0.2 m              (2) 0.02 m             (3) 0.5 m              (4) none of these

(20) A room 5m x 4m is to be carpeted leaving a margin of 25cm from each wall. If the cost of the carpet is Rs.80 per m², the cost of carpeting the room will be

       (1) Rs.14,400         (2) Rs.1,260          (3) Rs.1,228          (4) Rs.1,192

Directions for Q. No: (21 – 25): -

Read the following data carefully and answer the following questions:

                                 Number of cars of different models in hundreds:

	A	B	C	D	E	Total
1996	18	23	21	12	40	114
1997	20	18	24	14	35	111
1998	18	21	20	18	42	119
1999	22	26	19	21	44	132
2000	25	30	22	25	48	150
2001	28	34	26	30	52	170

(21) The % increase in total cars in 2001 over 1996 is:-

       (1) 40%                (2) 45%                (3) 50%               (4) 55%

(22) For the two years 1996 and 2000 put together, which types of cars constitute approximately 20% of the total number of cars produced in these years?

       (1) E                     (2) C                    (3) B                    (4) D

(23) In which year, the percent of increase in the production of the total number of cars is more than that of the previous year?

       (1) 1996                (2) 1999                (3) 2000               (4) 2001

(24) In 1999, which types of cars constitute approximately 20% of the total number of cars?

       (1) E                     (2) B                    (3) C                    (4) D

(25) In what type of cars, is the percent increase in production the most from 1998 to 1999?

       (1) B                    (2) D                    (3) E                    (4) A

Directions for Q. No: (26 – 30): -

Study the following graph carefully and answer the questions accordingly.

The following graph shows the marks of two students P and Q in six subjects

(26) In how many subjects, did P get more marks than the average of the marks of all subjects?

       (1) Two                 (2) One                 (3) Three              (4) none

(27) The difference between the average marks of P and Q is ______

       (1) 5.33                (2) 4.77                (3) 6                    (4) 5

(28) In how many subjects did Q get more marks than P?

       (1) Four                (2) Three              (3) Two                (4) Five

(29) The marks of Q in F was same as the marks of P in which of the following subject?

       (1) A                    (2) D                    (3) B                    (4) C

(30) By what percent are the marks obtained by P in subject F more than those obtained by Q in the same subject?

       (1) 40%                (2) 20%                (3) 50%               (4) 30%

Directions for Q.No: (31– 33)

Read the following information carefully and answer the questions given below:

‘A’ and ‘B’ play football and hockey.

‘C’ and ‘D’ play badminton and cricket.

‘B’ and ‘C’ play cricket and football.

‘A’ and ‘D’ play hockey and badminton.

(31) Which one plays badminton, football and hockey?

(1) A          (2) B          (3) C                (4) D

(32) Who plays Badminton, football and cricket?

(1) A          (2) B          (3) C                (4) D

                                                                                                                            

(33) Who plays cricket, football and hockey?

(1) A          (2) B          (3) C                (4) D

Directions for questions 34 to 35:

Select the alternative that logically follows from the two given statements:

(34) No apple is an orange

       All bananas are oranges

(1) All apples are bananas    (2) some apples are oranges

(3) No apple is a banana      (4) None of the above

(35) Some forms are books

       All books are made of paper

(1) Some forms are made of paper          (2) Some forms are not made of paper

(3) No forms are made of paper    (4) None of the above

Verbal Ability

Each sentence below has one or two blanks. Fill in the blanks with any of the options given below each sentence: 

36. Twenty years ago, at least my recollection is India had much more of an import-………………… mentality. It was the …………. of the place.

a.    acquisition …..thought

b.    substitution…..ethos

c.    growth ………circumstance

d.    politics ………wonder 

37. The verbal …………… coming from players of both the sides continue to add colour to what has already been an engrossing contest on the field.

a.    words

b.    banters

c.    volleys

d.    conversations

38. Because Company X has established their brand as a sophisticated systems ……………… firm.  It will take a while to build on that to create an impact. That’s clearly a …………….

a.    compilation ……..reflex

b.    computerisation ….edge

c.   integration ……..challenge

d. derivative ……..imitation

Select an option that expresses a relationship similar to that in the capitalized pair.

39. CODICIL : WILL ::
 
a.  chapter: novel
b.  appendix: book
c.  line: poem
d.  draft: manuscript

40. BLAZE:TRAIL::

a.  love : commitment
b.  fathom : depths
c.  lead : leadership
d.  evolve : animals

41. ADVENTUROUS: TIMID ::
 
a.  cupidity: greed
b.  deranged: insane
c.  infallible: perfect

d. abstruse: simple

Choose a word or phrase from the options below a word similar in meaning to the one in capital letters:

42. CANTANKEROUS

a.    irritating

b.    staid

c.    pleasant

d.    crazy
 

43. SAGACIOUS

a. intelligent

b. perceptive

c. conducive

d. sage like

44. MALADROIT

a.    keen

b.    gawky

c.    unaccomplished

d.    dull headed

Choose a word or phrase from the options below a word opposite in meaning to the one in capital letters:

45. PALLIATE

a.    specific

b.    worsen

c.    temperate

d.    complete

46. NEBULOUS

a.    tenuous

b.    cloudy

c.    precise

d.      shady

47. PLEASANT

a.    jocular

b.    happy

c.    inconsistent

d.    morose

Reading comprehension

Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:

Some decades back, when computers were just born and were a completely new thing to people, very few could operate them and software was not given much emphasis. At that time hardware was the most important part that decided the cost of implementation and success rate of the system developed. Very few people were known to programming. Computer programming was very much considered to be an art gifted to few rather than skill of logical thinking. This approach was full of risk and even in most of the cases, the system that was undertaken for development, never met the completion. Soon after that, some emphasis was given on software development. This started a new era of software development. Slowly, people started giving more importance to software development.

People, who wrote software, hardly followed any methodology, approach or discipline that would lead to a successful implementation of a bug-free and fully functional system. There hardly existed any specific documentation, system design approach and related documents etc. These things were confined to only those who developed hardware systems. Software development plans and designs were confined to only concepts in the mind.

Even after a number of people jumped in to this field, there was a lack of proper developmental strategies, documentations and maintenance plans. Therefore the software system that was developed was costlier than before, it took more time to develop the entire system (sometimes, it was next to impossible to predict the completion date of the system that was under development). The lines of codes were increased to a very large number increasing the complexity of the project/software. As the complexity of the software increased it also increased the number of bugs/problems in the system. Most of the times the system that was developed, was unusable by the customer because of problems such as late delivery (generally very late) and also because of the number of bugs. There were no plans to deal with situations where systems were to be maintained. This led to a situation called ‘Software Crisis’. Most of the software projects, which were just concepts in the mind, had no standard methodologies or practices and experienced failure, causing loss of millions of dollars.

‘Software Crisis’ was a situation, which made people think seriously about the software development processes, and practices that could be followed to ensure a successful, cost-effective system implementation, which could be delivered on time and used by the customer. People were compelled to think about new ideas of systematic development of software systems. This approach gave birth to the most crucial part of the software development process, this part constituted the most modern and advanced thinking and even the basics of any project management, it needed the software development process be given an engineering perspective thought. This approach is called as ‘Software Engineering’.

Standard definition of ‘Software Engineering’ is ‘the application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable, approach to the development, operation and maintenance of software i.e. the application of engineering to software. ’

Software Engineering takes an all-round approach to find out the customer’s needs and it even asks customers about their opinions proceeding towards development of a desired product. Various methodologies/practices such as ‘Waterfall Model’, ‘Spiral Model’ etc. are developed under Software Engineering which provides guidelines to follow during software development ensuring on time completion of the project. These approaches help in dividing the software development process into small tasks/phases such as requirement gathering and analysis, system design phase, coding phase etc. that makes it very much easy to manage the project. These methods/approaches also help in understanding the problems faced (which occur during the system development process and even after the deployment of the system at customer’s site) and strategies to be followed to take care of all the problems and providing a strong support for the system developed (for example: the problems with one phase are resolved in the next phase, and after deployment of the product, problems related to the system such as queries and bugs that were not yet detected etc. which is called support and maintenance of the system. All these strategies are decided while following the various methodologies).

48. When computers were just invented software programming was-

a.    not invented

b.    not given any importance

c.    not known

d.    very few people knew it

49. In those early years what decided the implementation cost and success rate of a system?

a.    the computer peripherals

b.    the shape and size of the computer

c.    the punch cards used by the computers

d.    the hardware cost of the system

50. Which one of the following was not a problem even after many people started software programming?

a.    cost of production was very high

b.    the programming had lots of faults

c.    the programming had lots of bugs

d.    software took very little time to produce

51. What were the reasons for causing loss to millions of dollars?

a.    software projects were just concepts in the mind

b.    they had no standard methodologies

c.    they were totally without any direction

d.    software projects were just concepts and had no standard methodologies

52. What is ‘Software Crisis’?

a. a serious crisis in the computer industry leading to a breakdown of systems

b. serious deliberation about producing a user friendly software

c. a groundbreaking breakthrough in software development

d. creating a software to please the customer

53. The new software development process was given an engineering perspective thought, and this was called-

a.    business development

b.    hardware development

c.    software engineering

d.    process engineering

54. Whose help does a software engineer seek to develop a good product for the customer?

a.    customer

b.    colleagues

c.    internet

d.    team leader

55. What are the different models mentioned in the passage?

a.    linear model

b.    spiral model

c.    waterfall model

d.    spiral and waterfall models

WIPRO – 1 KEY

Q.No	Ans	Q.No	Ans	Q.No	Ans	Q.No	Ans	Q.No	Ans
01	2	12	4	23	3	34	3	45	b
02	2	13	4	24	2	35	1	46	c
03	1	14	3	25	1	36	b	47	d
04	4	15	1	26	3	37	c	48	b
05	2	16	1	27	4	38	c	49	d
06	3	17	2	28	3	39	b	50	d
07	3	18	3	29	2	40	b	51	d
08	3	19	1	30	1	41	d	52	b
09	2	20	2	31	1	42	a	53	c
10	3	21	3	32	3	43	a	54	a
11	1	22	3	33	2	44	b	55	d